Yes/No疑問句跟否定疑問句如何構成？如何簡答 – 用Yes還是No?

Yes / No 疑問句、否定句跟否定疑問句

英文有肯定句跟否定句，而Yes / No問句也分成肯定疑問句跟否定疑問句。在說明他們是如何構成之前，先來解釋一下這兩種疑問句的不同目的。首先，說話者使用肯定形式的Yes/No疑問句的目的主要是為了查詢資訊，而使用否定疑問句則有隱含說話者的態度。它有幾種不同的含義：

• 說話者使用否定疑問句來確認自己認為是真實的或有發生的事情
  例如：”Didn’t you call Mary last night?”這個問句隱含著說話者認為聽話者昨天有打電話給Mary
• 將自己的意見以否定疑問句的方式說出，會顯得比較禮貌
  例如：”Wouldn’t it be nice to take a break now?” 這樣的說法會比直接說出自己的意見”It would be nice to take a break now.”顯得有禮貌點，比較像是在建議，而不是在要求。
• 有時，說話者認為某件事會發生，但卻沒有發生，他也會用否定疑問句來確認，這時，否定疑問句隱含著說話者對該事件沒有發生感到驚訝。例如，”Hasn’t Mary come yet?”這句話就隱含說話者對於Mary在這個時間點都還沒到的這件事感到驚訝。

了解了肯定跟否定的Yes / No疑問句的不同意涵後，接下來我們來看這兩種問句如何造。

要學造肯定形式的Yes / No問句時，可以先從分析肯定句的結構開始，如果要造否定疑問句，則可以從否定句的結構開始。

Yes / No疑問句如何造

要正確地造Yes / No問句，要先找出每個句子的動詞來，將動詞跟主詞倒裝，再將句號改成問號。但是倒裝的方式會因為句子的動詞結構而不同，有以下三種：

• 動詞只有一個字，為be動詞，如：She is a girl.中的is
• 動詞只有一個字，不是be動詞，如：She ran home.中的ran
• 動詞由兩個字以上構成，如：She can swim.中的can，I will go.中的will，He has been teaching English.中的has

當動詞只有ㄧ個字，且是be動詞時，將be動詞移到主詞前面，要注意將句號改成問號。下面的例句中，be動詞用粗體標示

1. This bag is red.
   Is this bag red？
2. She was very beautiful.
   Was she very beautiful?
3. They are her teachers.
   Are they her teachers?
4. The boys were at the park.
   Were the boys at the park?

要注意，當主詞是you(你或你們)、I 、或we，如果在考試時，要注意，考試的提示是請改成問句或改成原問句。如果是改成問句，則模式跟上面的例子一樣; 如果是改成原問句，要注意you跟I、you跟we的相對變化，因為原問句的意思就是，問話者問了什麼問句，會得到這個答案。(雖然有些問句顯得怪怪的，好像不會有人這麼說話，但是，有些考試很愛這麼考)

1. I am at home.
   Am I at home? (造問句)
2. Yes, I am at home.
   Are you at home? (造原問句)
3. You are her teacher.
   Are you her teacher? (造問句)
4. Yes, you are her teacher
   Am I her teacher? (造原問句)
5. We are his students.
   Are we his students? (造問句)
6. Yes, we are his students.
   Are you his students? (造原問句)
7. You are Mary’s classmates.
   Are you Mary’s classmates? (造問句)
8. Yes, you are Mary’s classmates.
   Are we Mary’s classmates? (造原問句)

當句子的動詞只有一個，但是，不是be動詞，而是一般動詞，就要生助動詞do、does或did：時態是現在簡單式，而且動詞沒有s時，則用do、動詞有s時，則用does; 如果時態是過去簡單式，則用did。將助動詞放到主詞的前面，要注意動詞要改為原形，再將句號改成問號。下面的例句中，肯定句的動詞跟疑問句的do / does / did 用粗體標示。

1. John reads books every day.
   Does John read books every day?
   (現在簡單式動詞有s，用does)
2. They want to go shopping.
   Do they want to go shopping?
   (現在簡單式動詞沒有s，用do)
3. The dog ran after the cat.
   Did the dog run after the cat?
   (過去簡單式，則用did)
4. He cleaned his room yesterday.
   Did he clean his room yesterday?
   (過去簡單式，則用did)
   請注意：以上問句中，主詞後的動詞都改回原形，因為do / does / did叫做助動詞，後面動詞要用原形)

因為動詞時態與語態的關係，句子中會出現不只一個字的動詞詞組。當句子的動詞是兩個字以上的動詞詞組時，將第一個字移到主詞前面，再標上問號，這樣就可以了。下面的例句中，動詞詞組用小括號標示，而其第一個字用粗體標示。

1. She (is cooking) dinner right now.
   Is she cooking dinner right now?
2. They (have visited) the museum.
   Have they visited the museum?
3. The boy (has been playing soccer) with them for an hour.
   Has the boy been playing soccer with them for an hour?
4. She (was watching TV) when the phone rang.
   Was she watching TV when the phone rang?
5. He (had eaten dinner) before his friends arrived.
   Had he eaten dinner before his friends arrived?
6. They (had been studying) for three hours when the power went out.
   Had they been studying for three hours when the power went out.
7. The man (was killed) in the accident.
   Was the man killed in the accident?
8. She (will call) her mom tomorrow.
   Will she call her mom tomorrow?
9. They (will be traveling) to France next month.
   Will they be traveling to France next month?
10. She (will have finished) her project by the end of this week.
    Will she have finished her project by the end of this week?

如何造否定疑問句？

由上面可以知道，肯定句移動助動詞(在英文，be動詞是一種助動詞)到主詞前面，就造出yes / no問句，如果要造否定疑問句就要用否定句了。下面為從肯定句造出否定疑問句的步驟：

• 肯定句變成否定句的方法如同疑問句一樣，也是要先找動詞，只是找到動詞後，不移到主詞前面，而是在be動詞或助動詞後面加上not
• 將be動詞或助動詞跟not縮寫，變成否定助動詞，例如：isn’t, don’t, won’t
• 再將否定助動詞移到主詞前面，再打問號，就是否定疑問句了

請看下面例句，並注意粗體字的部分：

1. Her daughter is six.
   Her daughter is not six.
   Her daughter isn’t six.
   Isn’t her daughter six?
2. He plays games every night.
   He does not play games every night.
   He doesn’t play games every night.
   Doesn’t he play games every night?
3. They have waited for a long time.
   They have not waited for a long time.
   They haven’t waited for a long time
   Haven’t they waited for a long time?

下面提供更多的否定疑問句的例句：

• Won’t you come to my party?
• Isn’t the baby sleeping?
• Can’t you swim?
• Shouldn’t you be at school?
• Don’t you know about it?
• Hasn’t she been to Hong Kong?
• Weren’t you cooking when I called you?
• Doesn’t he go to school early?
• Didn’t he call you?

否定疑問句跟Yes / No 問句的簡答法 – 要回答Yes?還是No?

因為中文的關係，我們是依照問題回答。例如：

• 你要回家嗎？是的，我要回家; 不，我不要回家。
• 你不要回家嗎？(否定疑問句) 是的，我不回家; 不，我要回家。

有注意到嗎？我們的肯定疑問句跟否定疑問句的答案不一樣，但是英文不管是肯定疑問句還是否定疑問句，回答都是跟肯定疑問句一樣。例如：

• Did you buy the car? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
• Didn’t you buy the car? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

下面舉例說明：

1. Is she a talented artist?
   Isn’t she a talented artist?
   Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
2. Does your mom cook well?
   Doesn’t your mom cook well?
   Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
3. Do they play basketball after school?
   Don’t they play basketball after school?
   Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
4. Did she come back before dinner?
   Didn’t she come back before dinner?
   Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
5. Can you make a book?
   Can’t you make a book?
   Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
6. Has she been there before?
   Hasn’t she been there before?
   Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
7. Will he stay here?
   Won’t he stay here?
   Yes, he will. / No. he won’t.
8. Are you a teacher?
   Aren’t you a teacher?
   Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
   有沒有發現，除了第8個例句外 (問you回答I，I的be動詞特殊，要用am)，都是用哪個助動詞問，就用哪個助動詞簡答，超好記的，對不對？

如果你有其他文法上的疑惑，可以到我們『英文文法』專頁，看看有沒有文章探討相關文法問題。如果你對單字、寫作等英文學習上各個領域的文章有興趣，可以到我們的『文章』頁面。