掌握原級比較：什麼時候使用 “as…as” 結構

原級比較的句型

原級比較的使用範圍很廣，可以表示兩個人、事、物的某個特質相不相等或相似，也可以用來表示願望，還是一種明喻的手法。在英語中，常用的原級比較句型有以下幾種：

• as…as與…一樣 / not as…as 或not so as…as不如
• 倍數原級比較 (例如：three times as…as)
• the same…as像…那樣

as…as 與…一樣 / not as…as / not so…as 不如

當想要表示兩個事物在某方面相等或相似、兩個人或物的某種行為或能力相等、還有要強調數量或程度相等時，可以使用 “as…as” 句型。而其否定形式not as…as或not so…as用來強調不相等或不相似，翻成中文有前者「不如」後者的味道。

as…as的第一個as是副詞，用來導出比較的特質(形容詞、副詞、或帶有many / muchㄧ類量詞的名詞，如many books)，而第二個as則引出比較的對象，可以是名詞、副詞、或句子。

as…as有三種結構：
第一種結構為：be as + 形容詞 + as、普通動詞 as + 副詞 + as。
第二種結構為as +many / few + 可數名詞 as、as +much / little + 不可數名詞 as。
第三種結構為 as 形容詞 + a/an + 名詞 as。這個結構較為正式，口語不常出現，多出現在文章中。

be as + 形容詞 + as、普通動詞 as + 副詞 + as的例句如下：

1. She is as tall as her brother.
   她和她的哥哥一樣高。
2. Living in a small town is as peaceful as living in the countryside.
   住在小鎮和住在鄉村一樣平靜
3. Working from home can be as productive as working in an office.
   在家工作可以像在辦公室工作一樣有效率。
4. If only I were as talented as Mozart!
   要是我能像莫扎特一樣有才華就好了！(利用原級比較來表達願望)
5. I wish my garden were as beautiful as yours.
   我希望我的花園能和你的花園一樣美。(利用原級比較來表達假設，也就是自己的花園事實上沒有跟對方一樣漂亮)
6. This book is not as interesting as that one.
   這本書不如那本有趣。
7. He is not so diligent as his sister.
   他不如他的妹妹勤奮。
8. This task is not as difficult as I thought.
   這個任務沒有我想的那麼難。
9. This book isn’t as thick as the one I read last week.
   這本書沒有我上週讀的那本厚。
10. He runs as fast as a cheetah.
    他跑得和獵豹一樣快。
11. He works as hard as his colleague.
    他工作得和他的同事一樣努力。
12. He can play the guitar as well as his teacher.
    他彈吉他的水平和他的老師一樣好。
13. They worked as hard as ever to finish the project.
    他們一如既往地努力工作以完成這個專案。
14. She didn’t arrive as early as expected.
    她沒有如預期那樣早到。
15. He doesn’t speak English as fluently as his colleague.
    他說英語沒有他的同事那麼流利。
16. She didn’t sing as loudly as her friend.
    她唱得不如她的朋友那麼大聲。
17. I don’t get up as early as you do.
    我不如你那麼早起床。
18. They didn’t perform as well as they did last year.
    他們的表現不如去年。

as +many / few + 可數名詞 as、as +much / little + 不可數名詞 的例句如下：

1. There are as many apples as oranges in the basket.
   籃子裡的蘋果和橙子一樣多。
2. She has as many friends as her brother.
   她和她的哥哥一樣多朋友。
3. The event attracted as many people as last year.
   這個活動吸引了和去年一樣多的人。
4. We encountered as few problems as possible during the trip.
   我們在旅途中幾乎沒有遇到什麼問題。
5. They offered as much support as possible (或as they could).
   他們提供了他們能力所及的支持。
6. She earns as much money as her husband.
   她賺的錢和她丈夫一樣多。
7. He gave us as much of his time as he could spare.
   他給了我們盡可能多的時間。
8. He ate as little food as he could to lose weight.
   為了減肥，他儘可能少吃東西。
9. He used as little water as necessary.
   他盡量減少用水量，只使用了必要的水(強調用水很少，除了生活必須用的水外，沒有浪費)。

as 形容詞 + a/an + 名詞 as的例句如下：

• She has as great a talent as any artist I’ve known.
  她的才華和我認識的任何藝術家一樣出色。
• This is as good a restaurant as any in the city.
  這是一家和城市裡任何一家一樣好的餐廳。
• Education is as important a factor as experience in getting a job.
  在找工作方面，教育和經驗一樣重要。
• She is as good a singer as her sister.
  她是一個和她妹妹一樣好的歌手。
• The mountain is as high a peak as any other in the range.
  這座山的高度與這片山脈中其他任何山峰一樣高(這座山是山脈中最高的山峰之一)。
• The bridge is as long a structure as any in the country.
  這座橋是全國最長的結構之一。

倍數比較

倍數比較可以將事物之間的巨大差異或突出特定特徵的顯著性，以一種較為直觀的方式表示出來。有時，使用數字比較無法讓讀者感受到兩個事物或同一事物的變化的巨大差異，例如：原本一顆五元的蛋，漲價變成10元。在敘述時，漲了五元跟價格變成兩倍，後者會讓聽眾更感受到物價的巨幅上漲。在敘述改進幅度、收支或成本差異、描述建築物或設施的規模、比較學習成就或進步或描述人口或社會現象的變化等主題時，使用倍數比較會更有效。

原級的倍數比較的例句如下：

1. The new battery lasts three times as long as the old one.
   新電池的續航時間是舊電池的三倍。
2. The company’s revenue this year is twice as much as last year’s.
   公司的今年收入是去年的兩倍。
3. This stadium is four times as large as the old one.
   這座體育場的規模是舊體育場的四倍。
4. She reads books at a speed three times as fast as she did last year.
   她現在讀書的速度是去年的三倍。
5. He can lift weights five times as heavy as when he started training.
   他現在能舉起的重量是剛開始訓練時的五倍。
6. The new solar panels are twice as efficient as the older models.
   新的太陽能板效率是舊型號的兩倍。
7. The population of this city is now three times as large as it was twenty years ago.
   這個城市的人口現在是二十年前的三倍。
8. She earns three times as much as her coworker.
   她的收入是她同事的三倍。

倍數的原級比較跟比較級的差異

倍數的原級比較跟倍數的比較級，在口語上常被認為是意思相同，例如：The new house is three times as big as the old one.跟The new house is three times bigger than the old one.大多被理解為「新房子是舊房子的三倍」。

但是這兩種比較方式在數學意義上是不同的：

three times as big as…這個表達方式表示某物的大小是另一物的三倍。數學上，這是表示一個數字是另一個數字的三倍，即如果A是B的三倍大，那麼A = 3B。那麼，The new house is three times as big as the old one.這句話所表示的，如果舊房子的面積是100平方米，那麼新房子的面積就是300平方米。

而three times bigger than…這個表達方式容易引起混淆。嚴格來說，它表示某物比另一物大三倍。所以如果A比B大三倍，數學上A = B + 3B = 4B。The new house is three times bigger than the old one.這句話的意思，假設舊房子的面積是100平方米，那麼新房子的面積是400平方米。

所以，在正式的報告或演講中，要敘述清楚，確保不會讓聽眾或讀者誤解。

the same…as像…那樣

“The same…as” 這個句型用來表示兩者在某方面相同或相等，結構為be the same + 名詞 + as。當需要強調兩個事物在某一特徵上完全一致、在數量或大小上完全相等、兩個事件在時間或日期上的一致、兩個人在某種行為或反應或在某種情感或感受一樣、兩個人擁有相同的物品或財產、說明兩者符合相同的標準或規範時，就可以使用這個句型。

1. Her dress is the same color as mine.
   她的裙子和我的顏色一樣。
2. The new phone has the same features as the old one.
   這款新手機和舊款的功能一樣。
3. This room is the same size as that one.
   這個房間和那個房間大小一樣。
4. We bought the same amount of food as last time.
   我們買的食物數量和上次一樣。
5. Our birthdays are on the same day as each other.
   我們的生日在同一天。
6. The meeting is scheduled for the same time as yesterday.
   會議安排在和昨天相同的時間。
7. He reacted the same way as she did to the news.
   他對這個消息的反應和她一樣。
8. I have the same feeling as you about this issue.
   我對這個問題的感受和你一樣。
9. She shares the same opinion as her brother.
   她和她的哥哥有相同的看法。
10. Her shoes are the same brand as mine.
    她穿的鞋子和我的是一樣的牌子。

as…as的常見片語跟例句

下面是as…as的常見片語跟他們的例句

1. as far as I know 據我所知 (as far as 用於表示範圍或程度)
   As far as I know, the meeting is still scheduled for Friday.
   據我所知，會議仍然定於周五。
2. as soon as 一…就…(as soon as用來強調某事發生的那一刻或某事一發生就立即進行另一個動作)
   As soon as you arrive, give me a call.
   你一到達就給我打電話。
3. as long as 只要
   You can borrow my car as long as you return it by tonight.
   只要你今晚之前把車還給我，你就可以借我的車。
4. as much as SV 儘管…(as much as表示數量或程度，有時帶有讓步的意味)
   As much as I admire his courage, I think his actions were unwise.
   盡管我很欽佩他的勇氣，但我認為他的行為不明智。
5. as good as (as good as表示某事幾乎確定或等同於完成)
   The project is as good as finished; we just need to do the final review.
   項目已經完成；我們只需要做最後的審查。
6. as well as 也 (as well as可以表達包含或比較）
   He is talented in music as well as in art.
   他在音樂和藝術方面都很有才華。
7. as…as can be再…不過了，非常…
   She is as happy as can be with her new job.
   她對她的新工作非常滿意。
8. as…as I can remember據我所知
   He has been the mayor for as long as I can remember.
   從我懂事起，他就一直擔任市長。
9. as…as it gets最…的，達到極限
   This vacation is as relaxing as it gets.
   這次假期是最放鬆的。
10. as…as I expected如我所預期的
    The test was not as difficult as I expected.
    考試並不像我預期的那麼難。
11. as…as they say如他們所說的
    The food is as delicious as they say.
    這個食物確實像他們說的那樣美味。
12. as…as necessary如有必要
    We will stay as long as necessary to finish the project.
    只要有必要，我們就會留下來完成這個專案。
13. as…as it should be某事物的狀態是恰到好處的、正如預期的。
    Everything is running as smoothly as it should be.
    一切都運行得如預期那樣的順利。
14. as…as he / she should be 某人達到了應有的表現
    He is as prepared for the exam as he should be.
    他為考試做了應有的準備。
15. as…as it looks像看起來那樣
    This task is not as easy as it looks.
    這個任務並不像看起來那麼簡單。
16. as…as one might think不像人們想的那樣
    The process is not as complicated as one might think.
    這個過程並不像人們想的那麼複雜。
17. as…as humanly possible盡人力所能
    We are working as quickly as humanly possible to complete the task.
    我們正在盡人力所能地快速完成任務。

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