幾乎 almost / nearly
這兩個字的意思都是幾乎,大部分的情況下這兩個字可以互換,如果不確定的話,選擇almost的正確率比較高。要注意的是幾乎發生或幾乎是多少數量,意味著沒有發生或沒有達到這個數量,但作者想要強調差點就發生了。
還有,這兩個字如果修飾的是動詞,動詞結構有be動詞,則放在be動詞後面。如果修飾的不是動詞,則應該放在被他們所修飾的字前面,放錯位置,語意會相差很多,請比較以下兩個句子:
- I almost told my mother all my brother’s secrets.
幾乎說了,但沒說 - I told my mother almost all my brother’s secrets.
將幾乎所有的秘密都說了
由此可知,用字位置錯誤會導致相當大的誤解,請讀者在在閱讀例句時,注意他們在句子中的位置。
almost跟nearly都可以用的情況
nearly 跟almost可以互換的情況是 – 當語意表示接近一個終點的感覺:可以是測量的點(數量); 可以是用來比較的點(可以度量化的形容詞); 也可以是動作(這個動作不是一個延續的動作)發生的時間點。
- There were almost (nearly) 20,000 people in the concert.
數量 - The bug is almost (nearly) as long as a pencil.
可以度量化的形容詞 - The car almost (nearly) hit the dog.
動作的發生
只能用almost或只能用nearly
nearly的文法要點:在very, quite, so後面時,只能用nearly,不能用almost; 還有,nearly不可使用在否定句、不可用來修飾否定意味的字或帶any的字。
almost的文法要點:當在句子中,要表達的語意等於similar to(類似、等同); 還有當被修飾的字是以下幾種情況,都只能用almost:
- ly結尾的副詞,例如:certainly
- 帶否定意味的字,例如:no, never, none, nothing, never, no-one
- any, anything,anyone
- all, everyone, always
- I’m very nearly finished my work.
- My sister has lived in Canada for so long that she is almost Canadian.
加拿大人並不是一個終點或度量的概念,所以語意是接近、類似、等同 - The animals he drew looks almost alive.
alive並不是可度量的形容詞,所以語意是接近、類似、等同 - The man looked so confident that I almost believed him.
believe是一個開始且延續點動作 - Their love story sounds almost like a fairy tale.
like a fairy tale並不是一個終點的概念,所以語意是接近、類似、等同 - She knew almost nothing about online games.
- My mother spoke almost no English.
- She almost never talked to strangers.
- Almost all my friends live in Taipei.
- The boy was almost certainly sick.
- Almost anyone can see it.
幾乎不(hardly / scarcely / barely)
這一組字跟上一組字是相反詞,意思是幾乎不(幾乎沒有),用法大致上可以互換。當作者使用這組字時,其實動作是發生了的,但作者想要強調差點就做不到。要注意的文法重點有兩點:
- 這組字只能出現在肯定句
- 當修飾動詞時,移動到主詞前面,句子要倒裝。進一步了解,請閱讀『英文倒裝句的解析、用法與例句』一文
- 要放在被修飾的字前面
hardly / scarcely / barely可以互換的情況
當barely,hardly跟scarcely的意思為幾乎不(almost not)、只能夠(just only)時,他們的用法相同。在下面的例句中,這三個字可互換。
- My mother has hardly any free time.
=My mother has almost no free time. - I hardly ever go camping.
=I almost never go camping. - After the accident, I can hardly walk.
幾乎都快不能走路了(就只能夠走,走快點或大步走都不行 的意思) - They had scarcely started to do the test when the alarm went off.
考試時,才剛剛要作答,警鈴就響起(=just only) - I was scarcely able to get to school in time.
我剛好在時間內到校(我差點遲到) - I can barely hear the music.
我幾乎聽不太到那音樂(但是,有聽到) - My salary is barely enough to make ends meet.
我的薪水很低,勉強只夠過活
只能用hardly跟scarcely的情況
hardly跟scarcely還有我們比較不會用的一個意思 – 當然不是(certainly not),以下舉幾個例句說明。
- I liked Adele’s last song, but I’d hardly say it was her best piece of work.
我喜歡Adele的最近的這首歌,但是,我不會說這是她做好的作品 - Putting off the project was scarcely his best decision.
他決定將那個企劃延期實施,並不明智
學習者如果有其他易混淆的單字上的疑惑,可以到我們『英文單字與片語』專頁,看看有沒有相關文章。