do or make
分辨這兩個字的方法有很多種,最簡單的一種就是:
- 無中生有就用make
因為make的做,其真正字義是製作或創造出來,也就是做出原本不存在的東西(make的受詞),例如,蛋糕、計畫、決心。 - 非無中生有就用do
do的做,則是做事,做工作還有日常活動。生活中存在有許多事,像是家事、工作、作業等,不管有沒有去做,他們都存在著,做這些事的『做』就要用do這個動詞。do還可以代替很多顯而易見的動詞,例如,寫作業、洗碗、清潔工作等都可以用do來表達
下面我們將分別介紹make跟do的用法
do的用法
用do的時機:
- 表示做工作、做事等,但不會有實體的產物
- 後面是something, anything, nothing等這種不明確的活動或事情
- 可以用來代替意思明確的動詞
- 在問句中,用來代替被詢問的動詞
- He seldom does his homework.
(沒做還是有作業) - She had to do her job.
(做工作,沒有實體的產物) - I won’t do anything for you.
(不明確指出的事) - When I was a child, I helped my mom do the dishes.
(代替意思明確的動詞wash) - What did you do last night?
(在詢問他人做什麼動作的問句中的動詞的位置)
do的常見搭配詞
做家事、工作,但沒有實體的產物
- Do the housework
- do laundry
- do your chores
- do an assignment
- do the math
- do research
- do a test
- do a project
- do a report
- do a deal
將日常生活常做的動詞加上ing,再以do 作為動詞,是較為隨意的口說的用法
- do the washing up
- do the shopping [通常指採購家用品,跟go shopping(去逛街買東西)不一樣]
- do the cleaning
- do the cooking
- do some reading
- do some writing
- do some studying
可以代替明顯可見的動詞
- do exercise
- do gymnastics
- do your makeup
- do your hair
- do your nails
- do the dishes
- do a course
受詞為不明確的活動或事情
- do a favor
- do harm
- do good
- do damage
- do your best
- do a good job
- do nothing
- do anything
- do something
- do everything
- do the right thing
- do something wrong
make的用法
用make的時機:
- 製造、生產或做出實體的東西,例如,三餐、食物、飲料等
- 創造或是做出非實體存在的東西,例如,計畫、決心、選擇等
- 使役動詞的用法(在本文不討論,詳情請看『使役動詞let, make, have跟get, help的用法差別』
- Can you make a sandwich for me?
(做出實體的食物-原本沒有三明治) - While I was making tea, he was doing the dishes.
(做出實體的飲料-原本沒有茶) - Good readers know how to make a prediction.
(做出非實體存在的預測-沒做前,預測是不存在的) - I enjoy making friends with the elderly.
(創造出非實體存在的友誼)
make的常見搭配詞
做出實體的東西:
- make a cake
- make dinner
- make tea
- make a salad
創造或做出非實體存在的東西
- make a noise
- make a plan
- make a difference
- make a point
- make an excuse
- make a mistake
- make a call
- make a reservation
- make a statement
- make a speech
- make progress
- make choice
- make up one’s mind
- make a list
- make money
- make a fortune (make a lot of money)
- make a profit
- make changes
- make sense
- make a habit
- make a living
- make a fire
- make a mess
- make a contrast
學習者如果有其他易混淆的單字上的疑惑,可以到我們『英文單字與片語』專頁,看看有沒有相關文章。